Preparation, physicochemical characterization, and In vivo evaluation of miconazole nitrate nanosponges for the treatment of systemic mycoses

Miconazole is a Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) class II drug, thus limiting its oral bioavailability. Nanosponges can improve the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs and sustain their release. The work was aimed at formulating miconazole nanosponges to enhance solubility consequently, Batches incorporating different concentrations (1, 2 3 %) nitrate were formed using ethyl cellulose (EC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethanol Kolliphor® 188. They characterized percentage yield, encapsulation efficiency, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Xray Diffraction (XRD), particle sizes, polydispersity index (PDI) Electron Microscopy (SEM). In vitro antifungal evaluation against Candida albicans assessed while in release simulated gastric fluid done. Furthermore, vivo studies rats carried out bioassay method. yield between 50 60 %. Encapsulation efficiencies ranged 77 98 Particle sizes 266.5 781.1 nm. Particles porous spongy appearance. Antifungal revealed activity like that pure drug. showed sustained pattern for up till 12 hours whereas unformulated drug peaked h. concentration dependent increase blood with NS4 having highest containing successfully formulated evaluated are promising delivery system nitrate.